It is not yet 2023, dear readers, but it is coming, and fast. You can feel it in the air, all that promise of good things about to happen. Lets hope so, anyway.
But whatever happens, here are a few events to look forward to over the next seven days - a glass of stout, an icy dip, a curious compadre of the Daleks, an orange Orang Outan, sleep but not as we know it, a strange outdated poll, and an entirely different type of bean that grew a bit too large!
Read on, and enjoy! Hopefully....
Anonymous [tobacco : O/S] "Foreign Birds" (1930) 45/50 - ZB07-340 : ZB6-32 : RB21/215-87A
Now lets slide ourselves into our time machines and return to this New Years Eve in 1759, where a man is just about to sign a nine thousand year lease on a brewery, at St James` Gate in Dublin, at £45 a year. His name was Arthur Guinness.
I was sure there were advertising cards for Guinness, but cannot track any down. However, in 1935, a new character hopped into his advertising and that was a toucan, usually with two glasses on the top of his beak, and a little rhyme that often ended "just think what toucan do" .(in other words what drinking two [glasses] can do) The concept, drawn by John Gilroy, was to show Guinness with various zoo animals. so there was an ostrich who had swallowed a glass, a sealion balancing a glass on his nose, and a kangaroo who had a bottle in his pouch. There was also a bemused zookeeper.
There is a link to cartophily, with a few sets of modern trading cards relating to the Guinness Book of Records, a book of comparative facts and feats that was first published in 1955. In America they called it The Guinness Book of World Records, and the cards follow this practise. And it is still a book, but these days it is more likely to be viewed online. I am sure there are more, but these sets include :
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"Fascinating Facts - Guinness Book of Records" (1989) a set of twenty-four cards that were actually issued by Woolworths
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Pro Set "Guinness Book of World Records" (1992)
And by the way if you think you have the World`s Largest Collection of Non-Sports Trading Cards, apply online
This set is Foreign Birds, but not the usual one issued by Ogdens in 1924, for this card was part of a set issued six years ;later by British American Tobacco. The cartouche with the title in is identical to the Ogdens version, but the bottom has this delicate little bird on a branch that replaces the "Issued by / Ogdens / Branch of the Imperial Tobacco Company / (Of Gt. Britain & Ireland) Ltd." though strangely it still retains the corner decorations so mirroring the top.
Anonymous [tobacco : O/S] "Birds Beasts and Fishes" cut outs (1937) 20/50 - ZB07-100 : ZB6-8 : RB.21/200-151D
Now the first day of the year is notable for many things, but it has come to be known by certain hardy individuals as the date of the "Polar Bear Plunge". And they do it all over the globe. What they do is plunge into unheated water at either the ocean or at a lake.
May I say that I have great respect for you all, whether you do it to raise money for charity or whether you believe it wakens yours senses to their absolute height. Though I must add that those of you who take part in Bermuda and New Zealand sound to have a less icy time of it that those of you who do it here.
Our polar bear comes from an anonymous set which was issued as both standard size and medium size by several manufacturers including W.D. & H.O. Wills in New Zealand in 1924. Ours is the British American Tobacco version, which was reputedly issued in South Africa, very far away from the land of the polar bear. However, there is a question for you to solve, as in the reference book it makes much of the fact that version B of the standard sized set is facing the other way, and yet here we have a medium sized set which also faces the other way but is not mentioned as doing so.
Now there is another link between the polar bear and cartophily which you may not realise and that is that one of the brands which carried the T206 Baseball cards was "Polar Bear", and that was advertised as "is now, always has been, always will be the best scrap tobacco".
And it was also sold out of a really cool metal counter top display unit, which you can see at Pinterest/PolarBearScrap
Clevedon [trade : confectionery : UK] "Dan Dare Series" (1960/61) 16/25 - CLE-120 : CL2-5
Today is National Science Fiction Day. And the birthday of Isaac Asimov, who wrote forty-three novels and short stories that became "The Robot Series". The first of these was written in 1940 and appeared in a magazine. It was a one off piece, but the subject intrigued him, and he wrote a few more stories about robotics. When he came to read them back he found that they actually made a larger story, suitable for a book, and this was then published as "I Robot". And in 2004 it became a major motion picture.
Strangely if you search you will find a trade card of "I Robot" but this is for an episode of "The Outer Limits". It first appeared in 1964 and was remade in 1995. Leonard Nimoy, was in both, and his son wrote the remake. It turns out that in 1939 a story called "I Robot" appeared in a magazine, and this was the story used for the TV series. It was not written by Isaac Asimov, it was the creation of brothers, Earl and Otto Binder, but there is a theory that it influenced Asimov, and that he remembered the title when he came to choose his own. Or maybe he did a deal and bought it?
Anyway our card is from Clevedon Confectionery`s Dan Dare, a British Sci-Fi comic strip from "The Eagle" and this is a rarer set than that issued by Calvert, a card from which formed part of our 2010Convention Card. The one we show you today is of a Selektrobot, a robot which predates R2D2, and the Daleks, (though perhaps provided their final syllable?), but resembles them both. It comes in two printings, a) with a black back and b) with a blue back. I wonder if they were actually issued in reverse order for the blue is fiendishly light. In fact now it is uploaded I can see I need to make it darker again.
The text is rather sad, for it tells us that once these robots became friendly they were not treated with respect, but given demeaning tasks like polishing boots and making tea. I have to say that this puts a whole new slant on the title of the story in which they first appeared, for it was called the Reign of Terror. Is what they thought we were doing, as they planned to rise above us?
Now there was an album issued for this set, but it was a general purpose album, with precut corner slots but no text. That is why the cover has an illustrations that covers all the sets, mostly sporting, though also Dan Dare in his crystal helmet - and you can see one at Worthpoint/DanDareAlbum
Carreras [tobacco : UK] "Gran-Pop" (December 1934) 39/50 - C151-305 : C18-53
Today is the festival of sleep. Now there are many things that make for good sleep, including the right temperature for you, and turning off all blue light equipment for the hour before you turn in, yet the popular idea of a bedtime story still persists as we age, whether we are read to or whether we read ourselves. However this bedtime story looks like it will keep those poor little chimpanzees awake for quite a while.
This set was issued as both the standard sized 68 x 36 m/m, and a large sized set measuring 79 x 63 m/m. The actual title on the card is much longer than we quote, it is "Gran-Pop - A series of 50 by Lawson Wood". Gran-Pop was a very popular character based on an Orang Outan, who also appeared on many postcards. Clarence Lawson Wood was the artist.
Now if you are not into animal cards, you are missing a treat by not looking at this set, because the reverses of these cards actually give you a tour of the Carreras production unit showing how cigarettes are made and packaged, and they include a picture of the exterior of the Arcadia Works in Hampstead Road, London, NW.
Echte Wagner [trade : margarine : O/S : Germany] "Lustige Experimente" (1930) Album 3, series 14, Bild 3
Now be careful whose eyes you gaze into today, for it is National Hypnotism Day. Though it is recorded that you cannot hypnotise someone to do something that is out of their normal character, or to injure themselves in any way. So the idea of this card, where an unsuspecting boy is told to paint his face with black ink, by another boy who is almost certainly unskilled in the art, is a bit of a cliche, just to amuse the collector of the card.
This is another of those interesting European cards which I have discovered entirely through this newsletter. The title translates to "Amusing Experiments", of which Hypnotism is just one. You can see the rest of the cards at the TradingCardDatabase/LustigeExperimente - though I am not sure why card 2 shows a game of `draw the tail on the pig`, which is rather like our `pin the tail on the donkey`
But there are other cards on hypnotism, including "Max" Cigarettes` "This Age of Power and Wonder" (141/250) which features probably the most hypnotic tale ever told, that of Trilby. Written by George du Maurier, many people presume that Trilby is the magician and hypnotist who makes a beautiful artist`s model into a singing star. However Trilby was the model, Svengali the man. George du Maurier knew a bit about hypnotism as well for it was not the case that he picked someone off the street who could not sing and made her into a star - instead the model could sing really well, but did not have the bravery in her normal persona to tap into and use her power; however once she was hypnotised, her delight for singing shone through, and she became the singer she always wanted to be.
The word Hypnotism actually derives from the Greek god of sleep, Hypnos, who lived in eternal darkness with his mother Nyx (Greek for night) and his twin brother who was called Thanatos, a strange name that means "Peaceful Death", and refers to the fact that when we fall asleep we are no longer part of our own bodies, but free to roam like spirits.
Scottish Co-Operative Wholesale Society / S.C.W.S [tobacco : UK] "Feathered Friends" (1926) 10/50 - S256-350.B.a : S44-6
Now today is National Bird Day, and our National Bird is the robin, which I know I have used in these newsletters before. By the way, you may be surprised to learn that we do not have an official National Bird, these results came from a poll, so they only give the votes of those who actually took part. And that the poll took place seven years ago!
So if we pass over the chirpy little robin, we get to the second bird, who is the Barn Owl. I have a feeling I have chatted about Barn Owls before, for I clearly remember how hard it was to find a card without some poor unfortunate little mouse dangling from its talons. So this card may well change in the future, to the third bird, who was the Blackbird.
This set has three printings, but it does not look like I noted down if they all appeared in the original World Tobacco Issues Index, so that code will be amended;
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A) Grey bordered fronts, with non- adhesive backs
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B) White bordered fronts, with a) non adhesive backs
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B) White bordered fronts, with b) adhesive backs
Now the curious thing about this set is that nowhere does it mention tobacco, and yet the Scottish Co-Operative Society issued their cards with only that, whereas the English Co-Operative Society issued their cards with a variety of grocery and other products. .
Lambert & Butler "Motor Cars" 2nd series of 25 (June 1923) card 39 - L073-490.2 : L8-61.2
Now today we have gone off on a bit of a tangent, for it is Bean Day, the date that Gregor Mendel did his experiments with peas that led to our understanding of genetics. However there is another Bean that you may never have heard of, and that was a motor car.
The Bean was made, as it says on our card, by A. Harper, Sons, and Bean, Ltd. of Dudley, though they also had premises in Tipton and Smethwick. The cars were made between 1919 and 1929, but the company had been in business since 1826, making metal goods for industry and the home. One of their main lines were fire grates. In 1907 Absolom Harper and his sons, two of them, added "and Bean" because George Bean joined them. He seems to have gone straight in as the Chairman as well, and it seems likely that he was the brain behind their motoring inspirations for shortly after his arrival they started buying equipment specifically for the motor industry.
However these plans came at the wrong time, because their factories had to be turned over to war service. There were a range of uses for such property, and you might have thought that being an engineering company they would have been ideally set up for engine or aircraft manufacture, but instead they were told to make munitions. Now this was traditionally a job for ladies and children, whose fingers could gently probe into the delicate and tiny places where the fuses and the workings had to nestle. There was a big positive though, because the government extended their premises so that more munitions could be produced.
In 1919, A. Harper, Sons, and Bean were left with a huge factory, in which they decided to resurrect their dreams of making cars. They knew they had to be quick, before the market was saturated, so they bought the rights and the stock of a rather ill fated Birmingham car manufacturer called the Perry Motor Company. They had also started out making something else, namely fountain pens. They were bought out by one of the partners in the Bayliss-Thomas car company just before the turn of the twentieth century, though they kept the Perry name, and their first car was ready to drive in 1899. However it was a three wheeler, where the passenger sat in the front - and they also made cycle-cars in a similar style. They did move on to a proper four seater, but late, in 1914.
Perry Motors were also stopped for the war, and Thomas disappeared, presumably killed in action. Mr. Bayliss did survive and found another partner, a Mr. Wiley, but his heart was not in it, and he took an offer from A. Harper, Sons, and Bean on everything that was left including the rights of manufacture. They simply made the pattern as given, using the parts, and that made the first Bean. They did travel abroad, hoping to find out how to make cars quicker, but in the end they decided it was better to pool resources with other companies in the same industry. They almost lost everything in 1920, but were saved by a sterling effort and by reducing the prices to lower than they cost to make, which does sound a strange thing to do but it gave them access to funding and cleared out old stock. This worked, for a while, but they had to be rescued in 1926 by fellow engineer Hadfields of Sheffield. At this point the Harper link was lost, and the cars became simply Beans. Shortly after the company did go into liquidation, but was bought out by Hadfields and given a new name, writing off the old company in the process.
After that they seem to have gone away from making production cars, though they were involved in making the Thunderbolt, which, in 1937, broke the World Land Speed Record under the control of Capt. G.E.T Eyston.
George Edward Thomas Eyston appears on several cigarette cards. Two of those sets are by Gallaher, "Champions" (1935) and "Sporting Personalities" (1936) 46/48. His best card is Churchman "Kings of Speed" where it tells us that he was "a consulting engineer [and] racing motorist" who "has held more speed records than any motorist living" - so perhaps he provided the ideas and Bean the premises and equipment. The card also tells us he was "in his 42nd year .., 6 ft 2, [and] weighs 14 stone". It also tells us that "In the Great War he won the M.C. and was gassed; that is why he now has to wear spectacles".
And you can also see the Thunderbolt, on W.D. & H.O. Wills "Speed" (1938) 15/50
The first set of twenty-five Motor Cars was issued in October 1922, and our set. also of twenty-five cards followed just eight months later. There was also a third series, which was of fifty cards, but that had to wait until February 1926. All these had green backs, like ours. And that was not the end of the tale, for in February 1934 a set of twenty-five cards with grey backs were issued.
The Bean also appears in two other sets
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W.D. & H.O. Wills, "Motor Cars" export issue, to New Zealand (1923) 41/48
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United Tobacco Co. of South Africa"Motor Cars" (1928) 3/50
This week's Cards of the Day...
New week, new theme, and this week we move from "Noel" to the next event on the calendar namely St. Sylvester`s Day. This is on the 31st of December, New Years Eve. Now it is one of those odd events which commemorate the date of someone`s death rather than their birth, though perhaps that is because whilst St, Sylvester was a very important person for all manner of reasons, we have no birth day for him, only a year, AD 285.
So this week we set out to tell the story of his life, gradually.
🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷⚘🌷
This was rather an obscure idea, so I have to wonder how you got along with the clues, the first of which was
Saturday, 24th December 2022
This one was fairly easy, because it showed "Sylvester" Bierne, of Linfield, who I now read was also a policeman. That will teach me to read the text before I pick the card in future.
Now do note that this title also appears on a set of a hundred cards with green backs. There is another difference as well though, because the footballers on our set are dressed in their team colours.
The cards were printed by Tillotsons, of Bolton, a very prolific printer of cards.
There is one "error" card known, it is number 27 - though it is not really an error as such, it is just that the player transferred to another team, and so he can be found on two cards, each with two different strips, and with a slightly different name. The first is as William Ashurst of Notts County (green background) and the second is Wm Ashurst of West Bromwich Albion (brown background). The backs are also different, though his hobby of poultry keeping appears on both! Mind you it appears that he liked to be called BIll.
Now a bit of research has found out that he was at Notts County from 1920 to 1926 and West Bromwich Albion from 1926 to 1928. That fits in really well with the date of this set. It also fits in with a bit of knowledge that only seems to appear in our original Gallaher Reference Book, which states that the cards are found with either 1. the background in green - or 2. the background in brown. Now this does not necessarily prove that the green ones came first, but that fact is definitely supported by the fact that he was at the green backgrounded Notts County first, and then moved to the brown backgrounded West Bromwich Albion.
So are there any other differences between the green and the brown cards, as far as team or text ? Over to you...
By the way he can be found on a Godfrey Phillips Pinnace "Footballers" card, it is number 1726, and it dates from his time at Notts County. And if you look, you will also discover his younger brother, Eli, on card 1474, playing for Birmingham
Sunday, 25th December 2022
This clue was a bit more taxing, but here we have a canary and there is a famous cartoon canary called Tweety Pie whose partner, or maybe adversary, is a cat called Sylvester.
R. Hyde & Co was based at 54 Lilford Road, Camberwell, South East London. They are quoted as having made soap, with the curious names of "Volvolutum" and "Volvolic", plus pet food for various birds and also fishes, and most references say that they issued cards from 1908 to 1938, though we have seen a borderline cartophilic "Sing Birdie Sing" booklet that has an 1898 calendar on the back.
This card just advertised bird food in general, but their 1930 issue "British Birds" also includes an advert for that Volvolutum Soap, and starts by saying "A beautiful Album and Hand-Book of British Birds specially made to take this series of pictures is given away by SMITHS (HAMPTON) LTD, Proprietors of VOLVOLUTUM SOAP". So does anyone know the link between Smiths and Hyde?
These special albums had descriptive text printed inside, and, very forward thinkingly, even offered an exchange scheme for cards, which is detailed on the "British Birds" set, and starts by saying "This series consists of 80 pictures which will be issued in equal numbers." That was to combat the common belief, which still persists to this day, that it was common practise to print lesser quantities of some cards, or even not print some cards at all, so that the collector would have to keep buying the product.
As far as the exchange scheme, this says that "In order to assist collectors, HYDE`S BIRD SEEDS will supply any particular card in exchange for any TWO cards provided a STAMPED ADDRESSED ENVELOPE is enclosed"
Monday, 26th December 2022
Here we have our last clue, this is a fish which is usually called a ruff, or ruffe, but as this card tells us, is also known as a pope - and there is something you may not know about St. Sylvester, for he was also a Pope! As Pope Sylvester I he reigned from 314 until he died in 335 AD. And he was also the Bishop of Rome.
Most collectors who know of this set agree that these are very attractive cards. The fish are very well drawn, though there seems no record of who drew them. The backs are also very detailed, and though these were export issues, issued in Mauritius with the Mills Filtertips brand, the text was in English, which seems strange because the text mentions English waters - though the advert at the bottom "FUMEZ LES FAMEUSES CIGARETTES" is in French - it means "smoke the famous cigarettes"
The set was issued in 1958, so that just missed our original World Tobacco Issues Index part one
Tuesday, 27th December 2022
There is very little known about the actual St Sylvester, and even his place of birth is debated, some feel it was in France whilst others say it was in Naples, Italy. He left home at a young age and came to live in Rome, which some feel puts greater weight on his being born in Naples.
Even his name, Sylvester, is not the truth, and some believe it came from either a nickname, or from the fact that he came from the woods into the light - both in his actual journey and in his conversion to Christianity. His birth name is sometimes given as Quintus Fabius Maximus Meridius, and that is a very Roman name, another plus point for his being born in Italy.
Our card is the large size but the set was also issued in a small size, which we featured as our Card of the Day on the 29th of March 2024. If you compare the two versions you will find out that the small cards are but a section cut off the larger ones, rather than the large pictures being reduced to fit; so on the small version of our card pretty much all of the green hills at the foreground are missing, and the top ends as soon as the smoke. Whilst the reverse of ours is a continuous text right across the card, but the smaller one has this split into two columns.
The sets first appear in our original World Issues Index as :
AROUND THE MEDITERRANEAN. Nd. (50). See Ha.610. Special Travel Book issued.
A. Small, 68 x 39.
B. Large, 77 x 63.
The "Special Travel Book" was just an album, but it was designed in such a way that you could conceivably make your friends believe that you had travelled around this area.
Now in our updated World Index the reference to Ha.610 is gone. Instead it cites RB.113/404, which is our updated volume on the issues of Godfrey Phillips and the companies it controlled. There is a tale behind this because Sarony really only existed as a company until 1898, though it did issue one set on the Boer War. In 1899 it had disappeared. However in 1912 it resurfaced, being advertised as tobacconists, proprietors Major Drapkin. In 1931 Major Drapkin, and its Sarony subgroup, were itself taken over by Godfrey Phillips.
The set was also issued the same year and in the same two sizes by Major Drapkin, but as an export issue to Australia and New Zealand.
Wednesday, 28th December 2022
The bull is one of the symbols of St. Sylvester, and it refers to a story that he resurrected a bull which had been killed by what some versions say was a magician, and others say was simply someone of another religion.
The truth appears to be that it was a Rabbi called Zambre, or Zambres, or maybe even Zambri, and he said he would prove his strength with a miracle, he whispered "Jehovah" in the bull`s ear and the bull fell over dead. Then Sylvester whispered "Christ" in the other ear and the bull sprang to life. And Zambri and his followers were converted and allowed of themselves to be baptised.
This is possibly why St. Sylvester is the patron saint of domestic animals, though to me that phrase sounds too much like pets. Perhaps it ought to say "domesticated" animals?
This is an interesting set, which you can tell was issued during the First World War, for it contains shadowgraphs of "A French Soldier" in his characteristic kepi and "The Kaiser" in his pickelhaube.
My earliest note of this set is in the London Cigarette Card Handbook, issued in 1950, and this is where code H.466 would have originally taken a collector. However if you compare the two, there are some differences. Their listing says
H.466. SHADOWGRAPHS (titled series). Fronts in colour. Issued by Smith. Numbered series of 25.
A. "Glasgow Mixture" back
B. "Orchestra Cigarettes" back
C. "Pinewood Cigarettes" back
D. "Square Thick Black Tobacco" back
E. "Studio Cigarettes" back
We never produced a reference booklet to the issues of F. & J. Smith, though we planned to, intending to combine them with another Glaswegian, Stephen Mitchell. Therefore we first listed this set in our original World Tobacco Issues Index, as :
SHADOWGRAPHS. Sm. Nd. (25). 7 backs, with I.T.C. Clause
A. Glasgow Mixture. Mild, Medium & Full
B. "Orchestra" Cigarettes
C. "Pinewood" Cigarettes
D. "Pinewood" Mixture
E. "Squaw" Thick Black Tobacco
F. "Studio" Cigarettes
G. Sun Cured Mixture
If you look at the cards, brand E in our listing is correct, it is "Squaw". But it is an elusive brand, and it looks as if you will only find it on the backs of one other set, that being "Battlefields of Great Britain".
This listing is identical in our updated World Tobacco Issues Index.
Thursday, 29th December 2022
So lets start with why this is here - and that is because St. Sylvester was not only the patron saint of domestic or domesticated animals, but of stonemasons. I have not yet found out why, but I do know that in Chartres Cathedral in France there is a stained glass window called the St. Sylvester Window which shows stonemasons at work.
This card actually translates to "Life in Egypt in Ancient Times". And it is likely that they were making stone for pyramids, which were actually faced with large stone slabs to make them perfectly triangular. Now when I first wrote this, I had not spotted it, but there is a pyramid in the background of this card.
I have been having a bit of correspondence with a collector of these cards and they tell me the way the companies joined together is very interesting.
The Cailler was founded by Francois Louis Cailler in 1819, which. makes it the oldest chocolate in Switzerland, and also they were the first to give little thin paper stamps in with their chocolate, which were to be glued in albums, and that is how you usually find them. The premises they still use today were opened in 1898.
The Peter comes along in 1861 when a man called Daniel Peter bought one of the Cailler factories. He also falls in love with Fanny-Louise, François-Louis Cailler`s daughter, and the two were wed, in 1863. Daniel Peter has a really big claim to chocolate fame because he invented "milk" chocolate. However the solution that he needed to make it was supplied by none other than Heinrich "Henri" Nestle, who had solved that particular problem whilst making baby milk formula in the late 1860s.
The Kohler is added in 1911, at which point they became "Peter Cailler Kohler", and that was through a partnership between the son of the founder of another Swiss brand, Chocolate Kohler.
In 1929, the triumvirate was bought by Nestle, however he kept "Peter Cailler Kohler Nestle" right until 1951.
Friday, 30th December 2022
This card is the Constantine Arch, and St Sylvester reputedly cured Constantine the Great of leprosy, an act which also appears in a stained glass window at Chartres Cathedral. It is written that because of this Constantine gave Rome to the Pope, but there seems to be no authenticated proof of this, just a few later writings which claim it to be so, but were not always seen as the complete truth even then.
This set is quite a pertinent one for this week as it includes cards of Pompeii, which was in Campania, one of the possible home towns of St. Sylvester, and St Peter`s Cathedral in Rome which was "built upon the site of a Church erected in the time of Constantine"
The cards measure 85 x 60 m/m and are un-numbered but a checklist, in alphabetical order, is at the TradingCardDatabase/Sights&Scenes The date is variously recorded as 1910-1912 but based on the text on the reverse, especially of Pennsylvania Terminal "opened Nov 26 1910" I would doubt 1910 unless it was a very quick printing. The TCDB says 1911, which seems better.
There are three possible back printings. and perhaps that is the real reason for the date confusion. These are
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A) Pan Handle - actually Pan Handle Scrap, and described by them saying "We honestly believe we have produced in Pan Handle Scrap the finest chew that has ever been offered". Scrap sounds a bit ominous for something to put in your mouth, but it was simply just a name for loose leaf tobacco.
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B) Pan Handle and Royal Bengals - using the text from above and going on to tell us that Royal Bengals were "Little Cigars 10 for 15 c."
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C) Royal Bengals - a different text saying "Their quality, Convenience, Size and Price Satisfy Cigar Smokers."
The mention of `Group Issues` means that at this time The American Tobacco Company was part of a group of manufacturers, namely American Cigar Co of Key West Florida - S. Anargyros of New York - Butler & Butler Inc of Richmond Virginia - Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co of St. Louis Missouri - P. Lorillard Co of Greensboro North Carolina - and - P. H. Mayo of Richmond Virginia, who was actually the first cigarette maker in Richmond.
I must stop talking about cars!
And I must also stop typing. It is time to publish, and never mind the consequences. Full speed ahead with it all. Maybe that will be my motto for 2023, after all Pluto enters my star sign on March the 23rd, for the first time since the eighteenth century! And most astrologers seem to agree that Pluto transforms everything we know....
Watch this space!